Thursday, October 31, 2019

Global Marketing and the Digital Revolution Research Paper

Global Marketing and the Digital Revolution - Research Paper Example line, the development of the paperless society and the increasing influence of electronic money transfer, the innovation in mobile apps and internet enabled mobile phones, the development of electronic data exchange (EDE) and the increasing development of social media represents some of the developments arising out of the digital revolution. The advent of the internet and its related social media networks has significantly affected and influenced the concept of marketing and the specific roles of marketing professionals (Jurras, 2012). Social media networks such as Facebook, instagram, pinterest and twitter are forever transforming the landscape of the marketing function and how consumers interact with each other, products and organizations. Jurras argues that with many consumers having online presence and finding it increasingly convenient and safe to engage in online purchases and payments, only firms with an effective social media strategy will achieve a cutting edge in the highly competitive global industry. Social media networks represent an online community of customers with shared attributes, characteristics and interests. These social media sites employ virtual and internet accessible technologies such as smart phones and tablets to facilitate real time interaction and connectivity of online consumers. The customers share their thoughts, experiences with products and organizations, their perceptions regarding the ability of certain products to meet their needs and preferences, and their likes and dislikes about particular brands (Field, 2013). Astute social marketers are increasingly recognizing the importance of social media sites, especially instagram, to interact with the online consumers, develop and enhance brand awareness, and implement their market communication strategies and campaigns. Field (2013) observes that small and local businesses are no longer disadvantaged in regards to size and financial capital because they do not need to be

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Summarize and Critics on Torah (Pentateuch) Essay - 1

Summarize and Critics on Torah (Pentateuch) - Essay Example of the Torah, along with some other perspectives, and allows us to take a step back from blind faith in order to better understand how, most likely, the Torah came to be. Source criticism assumes human, rather than divine, authorship of the text, and further uses modern kinds of literary research to establish that the Five Books of Moses were cobbled together from four major bodies of knowledge or traditions. Friedman does not spend much time dealing with the obviously oral origins of the words, but instead bases his reading on textual elements, from which scholars are able to tease apart the contributions of four separate writers and to hypothesize the literary steps taken by the editor who combined all four into a single, coherent, and cohesive document. Friedman reports on ten disparate categories through which we can discern the four authors: doublets, terminology, contradictions, consistent characteristics, narrative flow, historical referents, linguistic classifications, relationships among sources, references in other parts of the bible, and editorial marks. Doublets refer to â€Å"cases of two variations of the same story in the Pentateuch† (Friedman, 1992, p. 609). This essay refers to twenty-seven different places in the Torah where the same story has been told in slightly different ways, for instance, the order of creation in Genesis, which is presented differently in 1:1-2:3 than in 2:4-25. There are even examples of triplets, three versions of the same story. The second category, terminology, refers to different names being used, especially for God. This is most important because, â€Å"these differences of terminology fall consistently into one or another group of doublets† (Friedman, 1992, p. 610). One set will always use the term â€Å"God† while the other will always use â€Å"Yahweh,† suggesting two different authors with two different ways of talking about the deity. For scholars, this is the key to determining the number of different authors,

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Comparing British Airways With Virgin Atlantic Airways

Comparing British Airways With Virgin Atlantic Airways Marketing is everywhere.formally or informally ,people and organizations engage in a vast number of activities that we could call marketing.(Philip kotler 2009) The assignment focuses on analyzing summarizing and comparing two companies which deals in same sector or industry with a marketing aspect. The purpose states that the study of the module Marketing Management needs to be implemented in virtual front by providing meaningful process to the company chosen and revise the value proposition. The assignment is divided into step-by-step parts towards preparing a plan for the organization under study. Select two companies in the same sector/industry. Answer: The requirement of the question speaks about the two companies to be selected of the same industry which can be compared on various aspects particularly marketing strategy on a global scale; I have chosen the following two companies: British Airways Virgin Atlantic airways The reasons for selecting these companies are: The value proposition of both the companies can be compared and differentiated based on their marketing assets. Both the companies are intense competitors in the business of airlines and in providing superior quality of services to the customers . British Airways- Company profile British Airways is the airline company of the United Kingdom. It has its headquarter in Waterside which is near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport and it is the largest airline in UK on the basis of fleet size, international flights and international destinations. Its second hub is London Gatwick Airport. The British Airways Group was formed on 1 September 1974. BA was formed by the merger of two large London-based airlines, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA), and two much smaller airlines, Cambrian Airways Cardiff and Northeast Airlines Newcastle upon Tyne. BA was one of only two airlines to operate the supersonic Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde inaugurating the worlds first supersonic passenger service in January 1976. BA became the worlds most profitable airline under the slogan The Worlds Favorite Airline. Rather it was earlier Boeing customer. The formation of Richard Bransons Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 began a tense relationship with BA. The main activities of British Airways Plc and its subsidiary undertakings are the operation of international and domestic scheduled air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services. Franchisees Comair, based in South Africa, franchisee since 1996. Sun Air, based in Denmark, franchisee since 1 August 1996. http://uk.reuters.com/business/quotes/companyProfile?symbol=BAY.L Virgin Atlantic Airways- Company Profile Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited (operating as Virgin Atlantic) is a British airline owned by Sir Richard Bransons Virgin Group (51%) and Singapore Airlines (49%). It is headquartered in Crawley, West Sussex, England, near London Gatwick Airport. It operates between the United Kingdom and North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia from main bases at Gatwick and London Heathrow Airport, using a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft. The company holds a CAA Type A Operating License to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats. In the year to February 2009, Virgin Atlantic carried 5.77 million passengers and made an annual profit of  £68.4 million on turnover of  £2,580 million. Question 2. Analyze, evaluate, compare and contrast their mission statements, value; comparative differentiation, position and marketing assets. Answer: On a preliminary note it is important to understand the concepts of Mission and Vision for a particular organization. Vision Statements and Mission Statements are the inspiring words chosen by successful leaders to clearly and concisely convey the direction of the organization. By crafting a clear mission statement and vision statement, you can powerfully communicate your intentions and motivate your team or organization to realize an attractive and inspiring common vision of the future. According to Wikipedia- The Free Encyclopedia a Mission Mission, which includes a statement of company values, is an important tool for managers to assert their leadership within the organization. By authors- Mary Klemm*, Stuart Sanderson*  and George Luffman* University of Bradford Management Centre, USA While a Vision Vision is an independent, non-profit motive. Its main efforts are dedicated to strategic thinking on the transformations triggered by technologies and globalisation. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_(Italian_think_tank) Definition of Mission Statement by Alan Gleeson defines as the essence or purpose of a company what it stands for i.e. what broad products or services it intends to offer to satisfy the customers need . The mission statement also gives readers an idea on the  raison dà ªtre  of the company and was initially designed as a means by which potential shareholders and investors could understand the purpose of the company that they were considering investing in.   A Mission Statement defines the organizations objectives and primary motives. Its prime function is internal to define the key measure or key to measures the organizations success and its prime shareholder is the leadership team as stockholders. Wikipedia- The Free Encyclopedia defines Mission statement as a formal, short, written statement of the purpose of a  company  or  organization. The mission statement should guide the actions of the organization, spell out its overall goal, provide a sense of direction, and guide decision-making. It provides the framework or context within which the companys strategies are formulated.  Historically it is associated with  Christian  religious  groups; indeed, for many years, a  missionary  was assumed to be a person on a specifically religious mission. The word mission dates from 1598, originally of Jesuits sending (missio, Latin for act of sending) members abroad. Definition of Vision statement by Wikipedia- The Free Encyclopedia  outlines the organization it wants to be, or how it wants the world in which it operates to be. It focuses on the future Or a source of inspiration to the organization. It provides clear decision-making criteria to the organization. Vision Statements also define the organizations purpose, and values are been guided in beliefs about how things should be done. The vision statement states about both the purposes and values of the organization. For employees, it states about how they are expected to behave and motivate them to give their best. Communicate with customers, it shapes customers understanding of why and how they should work with the organization. The difference between Mission and Vision statement is a Mission statement contains the information of the company in a nutshell about its products and services to customers while a Vision statement offers the future perspectives of the company or organization, the purpose or broader goal for being in existence or in the business. Mission and Vision Statements of the British Airways and Virgin Atlantic are discussed below: Mission statement of British Airways- There is no official mission statement from the companys website instead the social blogs have various statements out of which the best one chosen To be the undisputed leader in the world of airlines for the next millennium Vision statement of British Airways- The Worlds Favourite Airline Mission Statement of Virgin Atlantic- Safety, security and consistent delivery of the basics are the foundation of everything we do. Vision statement of British Airways- To grow a profitable airline, where people love to fly and where people love to work Analyzing the Mission and Vision statements The mission and vision statements of British airways seems to be in the line of business as both focus on world class operations not just local or domestic functioning, hence it is recommended that being a company which caters large scale audience/customers British Airways has to focus on its principles of functioning to achieve its vision. As far as Virgin Atlantic is concerned, nowhere it mentions about the functioning and catering the audiences of the world, it is known fact that Virgin Atlantic is more of a British nature and caters or prefers services priority to British audiences hence it needs to change its mission and vision statement which though is appealing but doesnt come in the line of business. Question 3: Benchmark the two companies. Answer: Benchmarking  is the process of analyzing , summarizing and comparing ones business processes model and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other industries in same sector. Dimensions are use to measure quality, time, and cost of the organization. Learning from experiences mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper. Benchmarking involves management identifying and evaluating the best firms in their area of work or any other industry where similar processes exist and comparing the results and processes of those studied (the targets) to ones own results and processes to learn how well the targets are been performed and more importantly, how they do it. Mission and Vision Statements and the Customer (Client) Surveys are the most used (by 77% of organisations) of 20 improvement tools, followed by  SWOT analysis(72%), and Informal Benchmarking (68%) for benchmarking.( www.bashares.com) 34`

Friday, October 25, 2019

Symbolism in The House of Seven Gables :: House of the Seven Gables Essays

Symbolism in The House of Seven Gables  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Literature reflects life, and the struggles that each of us must face. Great authors incorporate life's problems into their literature directly and indirectly.   The author bluntly tell us a story, however, he or she may also use symbols to relay to us a message in a more subtle manner.   In Nathaniel Hawthorne's book The House of Seven Gables symbolism is used to enhance the story being told, by giving us a deeper insight into the author's intentions in writing the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book begins by describing the most obvious symbol of the house itself.   The house itself takes on human like characteristics as it is being described by Hawthorne in the opening chapters.   The house is described as "breathing through the spiracles of one great chimney"(Hawthorne 7).   Hawthorne uses descriptive lines like this to turn the house into a symbol of the lives that have passed through its halls.   The house takes on a persona of a living creature that exists and influences the lives of everybody who enters through its doors. (Colacurcio 113)   "So much of mankind's varied experience had passed there - so much had been suffered, and something, too, enjoyed - that the very timbers were oozy, as with the moisture of a heart." (Hawthorne 27).   Hawthorne turns the house into a symbol of the collection of all the hearts that were darkened by the house.   "It was itself like a great human heart, with a life of its own, and full of rich and somber reminiscences" (Hawthorne 27). Evert Augustus Duyckinck agrees that "The chief perhaps, of the dramatis personae, is the house itself.   From its turrets to its kitchen, in every nook and recess without and within, it is alive and vital." (Hawthorne 352)   Duyckinck feels that the house is meant to be used as a symbol of an actual character, "Truly it is an actor in the scene"(Hawthorne 352).   This turns the house into an interesting, but still depressing place that darkens the book in many ways.   Hawthorne means for the house's gloomy atmosphere to symbolize many things in his book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The house also is used to symbolize a prison that has darkened the lives of its inmates forever.   The house is a prison because it prevents its inhabitants form truly enjoying any freedom.   The inhabitants try to

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Michael Obi Essay Essay

Michael Obi in Dead Men’s Path is an excitable young man who gets a chance to get his hopes of progressing the Ndume Central School fulfilled when he is appointed headmaster. His obsession with â€Å"modern ways† and extreme eagerness to make changes negatively affect his decision making on how important the path is to the town’s natives. His dismissal and refusal to acknowledge the tradition is the inevitable means to the end of the story. Obi is so focused on his assignment of bringing the school into the modern world that he is blind to how important the traditional tribal ways and beliefs are to the townspeople he needs to work with in order for the school to be successful. He is very stubborn and refuses to keep an open mind about the path. His only focus is making the school as modern as possible and to stamp out anything old and traditional. He ignores the warnings from the fellow teachers and signs from the villagers about the path. When another teacher warns him about how there was â€Å"a big row† the last time someone attempted to close the path, he brushes it off and decides to block it off anyways. Even when the village priest calls on Obi to tell him how much the village depended on the path and how important it is to their tradition, he would still not listen and respect what the priest has to say. After a young woman dies during childbirth Obi finally has to face the consequences of his stubbornness to compromise with the villagers. Obi shows an inability to compromise with the villagers because of his complete belief in modern ways and his negative attitude towards the â€Å"primitive† (as he sees them) beliefs of the villagers. Obi will not allow the villagers to make a highway out of the school. He feels that his goal  with the school is to teach students through â€Å"modern ways† to laugh at the idea of tradition. He doesn’t think that students can be taught in these modern ways and still respect their ancestors tradition. This ultimately leads to the school’s downfall. Conclusion In the end, Michael Obi is not able to accomplish his goal of creating a modern school from an unprogressive one. He is so focused on his goal that he will not listen to the villagers or respect their cultural tradition. He ignores the warnings teachers and villagers give him about the importance of the footpath and shows a complete inability to compromise with them because of his attitude towards their beliefs. This in the end leads to the destruction of the school and Michael Obi’s dream with it.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Awakening Deconstruction

When understanding a work of literature, most readers would take the work at its face value, not looking Into other possible meanings, while a deconstructionist would take apart a text and find many other possible meanings. In The Awakening, Kate Chopin tells the story of Edna Pointillist, who feels that society is constricting and that she needs to be free of the norms set by society. She decides to leave her responsibilities and pursue a life of freedom, which she at first thinks is exactly what she wants. She abandons her life as a housewife and mother to follow a path that leads to her own destruction.By freeing herself from what she thought was an unhappy life, Edna finds herself more dejected, which leads her to her death. She thinks the only way to be truly free from the oppressiveness of society would be to die, which would release her of all her worries. The point Chopin was trying to convey in The Awakening is that society is oppressive and forces women to stay in their pla ce otherwise their reputation would be in Jeopardy. The idea falls apart in that no one ever tries to stop Edna from her process of â€Å"awakening. Not one person forces her to do her housework or take care of her children. It Is merely suggested that she does so. Even though Edna receives warnings and scolding from her husband to be a better mother and to take better care of the family, she ignores them, and L ©once thinks there is something mentally wrong with her (86). When Dean's father comes to visit her, he scolds L ©once for being too lenient and not asserting his authority instead of realizing that Edna was asserting her own independence (107). The idea of an oppressive society disintegrates through this example.Edna believes that society Is constricting her, when there Isn't anyone who Is limiting her actions. L ©once, on finding out that Edna has moved into a smaller house, only disapproves because he fears his reputation would be injured because he believes others would think he is having financial difficulties (137). This shows that L ©once isn't particularly worried about Dean's reputation, only what she could be doing to his reputation. Therefore, Edna isn't necessarily being burdened by the norms of society; she is already partially free to express herself.Doctor Mandated, on speaking with L ©once concerning Dean's â€Å"condition†, asks If Edna has been associating with â€Å"pseudo-Intellectual women†, which L ©once reports that she hasn't (99). Mademoiselle Raise could be considered an intellectual woman, being that she often gives Edna advice, whom is also Dean's confidant. Mademoiselle Raise also warns Edna by telling her â€Å"The bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice must have strong wings. It is a sad spectacle to see the weaklings bruised, exhausted, fluttering back to earth† (122).So, even the woman whom Edna turns to for guidance tells her she must be strong to break t hrough societies clutches, or she will fall, which foreshadows Dean's death. Chopping concept is void because Edna continues to challenge authority. Throughout the story, Dean's friends and relatives worry for her reputation, though she seems to not care about it. The society that Chopin displays deeply considers the role of women and how it forces women to conform, otherwise jeopardizing their reputation.This Idea crumbles when Edna throws a house party her father's health, praising him for â€Å"the daughter whom he invented† (129). Dean's reputation has obviously not been affected by her actions because of the many people who showed up to her party. They didn't seem to Judge her for inviting Robin either. When Ad ©eel visits Edna, she tells her that she worries for the impulsive and reckless nature of her actions, but the two seem to still be close friends despite her actions (141). Her reputation is not affected by her so-called â€Å"impulsive and reckless nature†.Also, earlier in her process of â€Å"awakening†, L ©once scolds Edna for being out on a Tuesday, which is Dean's reception day, and not leaving an excuse for her absence (77). Edna finds that while she was out, there had been many callers, proving that her reputation is not affected. L ©once is only worried about his own reputation throughout the novel. Ad ©eel tells Edna to â€Å"think of the children† after she gives birth to a child, warning Edna that her endeavors could also hurt the reputations of her children (164).It seems that Dean's reputation is not significant in the views of others, therefore diminishing Chopping notion that not conforming to society standards can ruin a woman's reputation. Although, Chopin intended the work to say that Edna is constricted by society standards and feels that she can free herself by not conforming, Edna feels that society is oppressive and that she can't do things on her own without becoming independent and freeing herself of the responsibilities set for her.In actuality, the work said that society isn't as oppressive as Edna makes it seem, through her constant dismissal of its nature. Throughout the story, not one person tries to stop Edna in pursuing her ideas of freedom and independence. Though some people warn her of the consequences of her actions, they do not demand her to stop. This shows that society is not totally oppressive, even though Edna may believe so.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Why we created Emphasis 360 - Emphasis

Why we created Emphasis 360 Why we created Emphasis 360 Our courses are transformative. Its the norm for participants to leave the training room full of confidence and buzzing with ideas. This is true even for people who were initially sceptical. (In fact, they often end up as our biggest advocates.) But even the best training can only go so far. New skills stay in the memory only for so long, especially if you dont use them. It takes effort to practise them. And under pressure from deadlines and other work, old habits may re-emerge. What people need is regular, expert help to apply those skills. Weve been discussing this a lot at Emphasis over the last few weeks. But its proved a tough nut to crack. The challenge has been to work out how to provide dedicated help – or regular, ongoing training that embeds new skills and builds new ones – without it costing the earth or requiring you to release entire teams for training every week. Tough, but not impossible. Because I think weve cracked it. As I write this, my team are building a follow-up learning system unlike any other. In fact, it may well be unique not just in business-writing training but in the training world full stop. Were calling it Emphasis 360, and it will make good writing a strong, permanent habit in the people who report to you. It will embed the writing skills that your people learn on our in-company courses – to make them permanent – and it will teach them new ones. It will create confident business writers and develop them into highly skilled communicators. And it will do this without straining your budget or taking up hours of study time that your team simply dont have. Sounds great, you say, but how are you going to do that? Read on to find out. Weekly, interactive learning sessions All members of Emphasis 360 will have access to a website dedicated to developing their writing skills. Every week, well be uploading a fully interactive learning session to that site and emailing members to encourage them to use it. Once each lesson is uploaded it will be available on demand, so your team will be able to access it in their own time. Not that theyll need much time, as were designing each so they can complete it in the space of a coffee break. Thats because we want to make sure they do complete it, and because short, regular practice is the best way to build good habits. The sessions will feature TV-standard videos, produced in our studio by our own film-maker, Jay Bartlett. (If youve seen our Writing better email e-learning course, youll know how good these are.) And your team will learn from doing as well as watching: the sessions will include comprehensive e-learning. As well as video, theyll feature quizzes and interactive exercises – even audio. In other words, well be covering the full range of learning styles, so that everyone can study and learn effectively. Your team will also be able to track their progress – as will you. Global better-writing resource library Week by week, well be adding special support resources to the exclusive members site. The resource library will include best-practice checklists, how-to guides and great-looking templates. Over time, it will become a truly unique resource covering every aspect of written communication in the workplace – from handling complaint letters to pitching for contracts worth millions. Ultimately, we want it to include everything you could ever need to produce excellent business writing, and all in one place. We believe that this alone will be a world first. Dedicated, priority helpdesk Even with the best initial training and resources, your team may still stumble when trying to apply their new skills. So we want to help them with that too. As you may have noticed, weve been trialling a special helpdesk system recently. It works a bit like an IT helpdesk, except that its staffed by our writing experts (and we speak in plain English). It includes a ticketing system so that you (and we) can track your query. With the launch of Emphasis 360, were adding more resource to that helpdesk, so we can give members priority access and give them more detailed help. Their queries will go straight to the front of the queue, where one of our specialist advisers will be ready to help them. Combined with our courses, this will create the most effective training weve ever provided. Emphasis 360 will cost  £150+vat per person for a years subscription. But you can gain access for your entire team at no cost. Thats because, to celebrate the launch, weve decided to offer membership as a free add-on to every course booked in May or June this year. Thats  £1,500 of extra value on a course for ten people. We’ve never made an offer like this before. And we won’t be making this one again. It will be available only for courses booked to run in May and June. And our trainer availability means we can only run another 22 courses in that time. (Forty per cent of dates have already been taken by regular clients.) Once we’ve used up our capacity, that will be it. So youll need to hurry. We’ll be opening up registration for just two days this week, starting at 5pm today, Wednesday 6 May, and ending at 5pm British Summer Time on Friday 8 May. Once it’s open, you’ll be able to register your interest in company courses. We’ll then call you on a first come, first served basis to secure dates for your course and access to Emphasis 360 for your team. (If you only have two or three people to train, or the course is for you, dont worry. You can also book places on one of our courses for individuals and well add Emphasis 360 membership for you.) Remember, we’re designing this to fix your team’s writing problems permanently, so that they can reach their potential – and you can get on with your job. Dont miss your chance to get a years training for your team for the price of a days course. Registration closed on 8 May, but you can still gain access. Image credit: laptop and stethoscope by jfcherry, used under CC BY-SA 2.0

Monday, October 21, 2019

Introduction to Concept of Mental Health Essay Example

Introduction to Concept of Mental Health Essay Example Introduction to Concept of Mental Health Essay Introduction to Concept of Mental Health Essay When an individual hears the term â€Å"Emotional Health† his or her mind instantly goes blank trying to surmise what this means. It is without a doubt that emotional health is something that the average human being deals with everyday, and it is as important as any other form of health. People do question that emotional health has a â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† effect, and yes it is true, but they are never able to distinguish the difference. That difference is how severe â€Å"bad† emotional health is, also what it could lead to, and what results come with mental or emotional illness, which is the main focus. Moreover a good definition for emotional health is your overall psychological well-being. It includes the way you feel about yourself, the quality of your relationships, and your ability to manage your feelings and deal with difficulties (Smith, 17-19). For emotionally healthy people they have the ability to deal with stress and bounce back from adversity, can balance between work and play, rest and activity, etc. and most importantly, are self-confident and have high self-esteem. Even though these characteristics are good the difference is that people with good emotional health have an ability to bounce back from adversity, trauma, and stress. This ability is called resilience. People who are emotionally and mentally healthy have the tools for coping with difficult situations and maintaining a positive outlo ok. They remain focused, flexible, and creative in bad times as well as good. On the contrary many things that happen in your life can disrupt your emotional health and lead to strong feelings of sadness, stress, anxiety, and depression. In any case this is classified as â€Å"bad† emotional health. If ever, have you experienced a hardship or heartbreak, or even a life changing experience that has changed your perception on life? If yes, then this can affect an individual’s perspective, also you will physically feel change. Your body responds to the way you think, feel and act. This is often called the â€Å"mind/body connection. When you are stressed, anxious or upset, your body tries to tell you that something isn’t right. For example, high blood pressure or a stomach ulcer might develop after a particularly stressful event, such as the death of a loved one (familydoctor. org editorial staff7-9), which can be an indication of â€Å"bad â€Å"or poor emotional health. Following this further, Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Dev elopment perfectly interprets emotional health, in the sense that it relates to actions later progressing into changes in mental operations. Also his theory equally relates to emotional health because his concept of â€Å"schemas† describes both the mental and physical actions involved in understanding and knowing which relates to the â€Å"mind/body connection† for emotional health. On the other hand when a person is suffering from poor emotional health there are many factors that come along with it. Usually most people would ask their doctors the cause of there depression lately or why they have been so stressed, it is because stress and depression falls into the emotional health category . Though a lot of people think they know what stress is they do not. Stress is a mental, emotional, or physical strain caused, e. g. by anxiety or overwork. It may cause such symptoms as raised blood pressure or depression. Likewise depression is the same as stress ,except depression deals with psychiatric disorders showing symptoms such as persistent feelings of hopelessness, misery, poor concentration, lack of energy, inability to sleep, and, sometimes, suicidal tendencies. In this case people suffering from depression or stress either likely to commit suicide or hurt people that they care for. It is important to know how these disorders can really affect you. To begin low energy or fatigue , feeling worthless or guilty for no reason, significant weight change, difficulty concentrating, loss of interest in favorite activities are the major outcomes of depression.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The Nature-Culture Divide

The Nature-Culture Divide Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas- what belongs to nature cannot be the result of human intervention and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is by far not the only take on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the evolutionary development of humans suggest that culture is part and parcel of the ecological niche within which our species thrived, thus rendering culture a chapter in the biological development of a species. An Effort Against Nature Several modern authors- such as Rousseau- saw the process of education as a struggle against the most eradicated tendencies of human nature. Humans are born with wild dispositions, such as the one of using violence to achieve one’s own goals, to eat and behave in a disorganized fashion, and/or to act egotistically. Education is that process which uses culture as an antidote against our wildest natural tendencies; it is thanks to culture that the human species could progress and elevate itself above and beyond other species. A Natural Effort Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have clarified how the formation of what we refer to as culture in an anthropological sense is part of the biological adaptation of our ancestors to the environmental conditions in which they came to live.Consider, for example, hunting. Such an activity seems an adaptation, which allowed hominids to move from the forest into the savannah some millions of year ago, opening up the opportunity to change diet and living habits. At the same time, the invention of weapons is directly related to that adaptation- but from weapons descend also a whole series of skill sets characterizing our cultural profile, from butchering tools to ethical rules relating to the proper use of weapons (e.g., should they be turned against other human beings or against uncooperative species?). Hunting also seems responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot as humans are the only primates that can do that. Now, think of how this very simple thing is crucially connected to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that our biological development is closely tied to our cultural development. Culture as an Ecological Niche The view that came to be most plausible over the past decades seems to be that culture is part of the ecological niche within which humans live. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. Now, the transmission of culture seems not to be directly related to the transmission of genetic information. Certainly the significant overlap between the genetic makeup of humans is a premise for the development of a common culture that can be passed along from one generation to the next. However, cultural transmission is also horizontal among individuals within the same generation or among individuals belonging to different populations. You can learn how to make lasagna even if you were born from Korean parents in Kentucky just as you can learn how to speak Tagalog even if none of your immediate family or friends speak that language. Further Readings on Nature and Culture The online sources on the nature-culture divide are scarce. Luckily, there are a number of good bibliographical resources that can help out. Here is a list of few of the more recent ones, from which older takes on the topic can be recovered: Peter Watson, The Great Divide: Nature and Human Nature in the Old World and the New, Harper, 2012.Alan H. Goodman, Deborah Heat, and Susan M. Lindee, Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-Culture Divide, University of California Press, 2003.Rodney James Giblett, The Body of Nature and Culture, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Managerial Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Decision Making - Essay Example t six months our company had a serious problem when we failed to capture the international market in face of stiff competition from rival companies and lack of interest in our products among the international customers. The problem faced by our organization was the prospect of huge loss in our international market as our decision to expand offshore was more of an intuitive one, rather than one being based on a rational decision making process (Thagard P., 2001). We took the success that our products had achieved within the US in terms of popularity and marketability for granted with enough evidence of customer acceptance, backed by our strict quality control division. These factors mislead us to believe that we could achieve similar results abroad, without considering the peculiar cultural, geographical and market practices in foreign countries. The necessary spade work of preparing a customer base and marketing in foreign lands, which should have been done in consultation with pertinent agencies, prior to the venture, was the major mistake we made. After identifying the criteria, decision to redesign international marketing should be made on the basis of rational criteria and available alternatives should be put into practice irrespective of the intuitive opinions of the management. The decision making should be fact based as a rational model is logically expected to lead to an optimal result. All identified criteria are ranked according to the peculiar situation of a country and local help is sought to enable marketing in the traditional way which is common in that country after setting up rational financial goals which are ultimately beneficial for the company. This leads to putting different marketing strategies into practice which are unique for a region or country. As a wide variety of inputs will be obtained while collecting factual information from foreign countries, the interpretation criteria which is still in the hands of the same management may

Friday, October 18, 2019

How the Internet Has Changed How We Consume and React to News Essay

How the Internet Has Changed How We Consume and React to News - Essay Example There really was not a good way to fact check the media, nor understand the stories which were not covered in the media. Moreover, as Neil Postman (1984) states, the news shows were focused upon trivialities, superficialities and fluff. The news anchors who disseminated the news had the same mirthful expressions when they were reporting tragedies and comedy. The news presented issues in the same 45 second format, which makes even the most important issues seems trivial. Now, however, with the Internet, in particular the citizen bloggers and the satirical shows, there is a way to not only uncover buried information about stories that the mainstream media does not deem fit to cover, but there is also a way to fact-check the media and hold them accountable. This, perhaps, is the most important way that the Internet has changed how the audience perceives and consumes the news. Citizen Bloggers and Satirical Shows, and How They Help the Viewer Discern News One of the major changes in the way that the public understands news events is that these events are often filtered through what Hayes (2008) refers to as â€Å"citizen press critics† (p. 1). These â€Å"citizen press credits† are more commonly known as bloggers, and they work as a kind of â€Å"fifth estate† who attempt to keep the mainstream media honest. Lopez (2010) states that these bloggers are important to democracy, in that it shows that anybody can contribute to the discourse of politics and civility. Johnson & Kaye (2008) conducted a study and found that blogs are generally seen as a credible source of information, which makes them even more influential in conveying the news. Moreover, Lopez (2010) asserts that making news interactive, which blogs can accomplish by allowing the blog readers to make comments, makes the on-line experience richer, dynamic and shared. The Internet, in general, contributes to this sense of richness and dynamism, because it enables anybody to check out wha t the media is saying, which is in contrast to the way that things used to work, which was that the citzenry had to accept what the media was telling them, as there was not a way for the average person to find data to refute it. Moreover, Lopez (2010) asserts that the Internet, and the citizen bloggers, as important in that these mediums do not allow the media to control the message. As individuals filter and diffuse news through the peer to peer networks, and there is real-time fact checking involved, the media message might be watered down and more uncontrolled, and this is a good thing, according to Lopez (2010). Alternatively, the Internet can provide information about news that the mainstream media may decline to cover. An example of this is that, after September 11, and during the Iraq war, the mainstream media did not cover the issue of Iraqi deaths, so, more and more, citizens searched on the Internet regarding this topic, and it became the topic of blogs as well (Salwen et al., 2005). This is important, because, as Li (2006) notes, the media often sets the agenda, and the priorities on the issues that it will cover. This, in turn, colors how people may view a certain event, as well as how many citizens are aware of certain issues and events. It may also color how important an issue or event is perceived – if the media covers something extensively, then this topic or issue will be seen as important, and the opposite of the media declines to cover this event or issue (Li, 2006). However, the citizen critics may keep a buried issue alive, or bring it to fore, which is helpful to people who do not want to be influenced by the media about certain events, and people who want to know about underreported stories. The Internet, in

Operations Management and Operations Function Essay

Operations Management and Operations Function - Essay Example Organizations have got into a new era that is featured dramatic, rapid, and turbulent changes. The increased pace of change has transformed the operations in the organizations (Mahadevan, 2010, p. 307). The transformation has become integral and inherent part of organizational life. Several emerging trends have made organizations change their operations functions. These trends include globalization and increased competition from the emerging industries. Most organizations operate in a global economy that is characterized by intense competition. Many products and service are consumed externally as compared to the country of origin. Globalization has brought about a greater union in terms of taste and preference. For this reason, many organizations have changed their old operations in order to keep up with the competition in the market. An operations manager plays a vital role in business, government or any other organization. The task of operation manager is dependent on nature and the size of the organization. An operation manager requires both interpersonal and business skills to succeed in his/ her operations (Burcher, 2004, p. 30). An operation plays a vital role in the management of resources in the organization. Additionally, the operation manager is responsible for financial management in the organization. The operations manager is also responsible for setting objectives and goals and makes policies in various departments in the organization (Meyler, et al., 2013 p 100).

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Write a discussion and conclusion for every chart Essay

Write a discussion and conclusion for every chart - Essay Example rvey respondents (international students) had no close American friends and would have liked more meaningful interaction with people born here† (par. 3). As such, racial discrimination still exists as the primary cause of discrimincation in contemporary university settings. Figure 2 illustrates that from among the causes of discrimination, stereotyping was identified by 7 out of 17 respondents as the predominant cause; followed by media (5); lack of knowledge (2) and gender differences (2); and poverty (1). Although poverty was noted only by one respondent as the cause of discrimination, the study written by Moorman & Wicks-Smith (2012) that â€Å"with one quick look students are generally able to size up who is wealthy and who is poor; who is a "have" and who is a "have not"† (p. 141). As such, stereotyping was the predominant cause of discrimination that is an indication of social perceptions that have persistent through time. Figure 3 illustrates that from 19 respondents, it was revealed that only 48% or 9 respondents have average knowledge about discrimination support networks; followed by 26% who does not have much knowledge; 16% who have some knowledge; and 5% for both sets of respondents who are on the extremes – a lot of knowledge and no knowledge at all. The average knowledge of students on the presence of discrimination networks indicate that there are majority of students who could not avail and access support due to insufficient awareness of the existence of support networks to address discrimination issues. As indicated, school psychologists are identified to assume the crucial role of enhancing awareness, to wit: â€Å"working for social justice in the educational setting means guiding students and staff to reflect critically on their roles in proliferating racism and discrimination and supporting systemic change to prevent ongoing inequities† (NASP, 2012, p. 2). Figure 4 illustrates the results on the methods deemed most effective by

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example are opened by the user, and sometimes information they have placed, like that their interests, hobbies and their personal details (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009), (I-Net, 2011) and (Prashant, 2009). Moreover, the major function of cookies is to recognize users and most probably organize customized web-pages for internet users. In this scenario, when we visit a web site using the information stored in cookies then we can be requested to complete a form offering data and information such as our name, likes/dislikes and hobbies. Afterward this information and data is wrapped into a cookie and transmitted to our web browser that stores it for afterward utilization (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Webopedia, 2011). There are lots of advantages of cookies for instance cookies do not require server resources as they are placed on the client system. Cookies are simple to apply. We are able to organize cookies to finish when the browser session stops. Some of the main disadvantages of cookies are that they can be erased by a user during their execution. Users browser are able to reject some sort of cookies, consequently our system has to predict that likelihood. Additionally, the cookies survive as a simple text on the client system as well as they can pretense a probable security risk since someone is able to interpret and change the information stored in cookies (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Neeks, 2009). Neeks. (2009, March 21). What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cookies? Retrieved May 29, 2011, from http://www.dotnetfunda.com/interview/exam416-what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cookies-.aspx Prashant, V. (2009, June 20). What is Cookie? What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cookies ? Retrieved May 28, 2011, from

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

The Homless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Homless - Essay Example 2011, or risk being arrested. This belies the earlier efforts and fanfare that city officials had for The Journey Home, a 10 year plan to defeat homelessness, under which several beds were provided for homeless women on the streets. Credibility of Source: Good, since it shows action taken by the authorities and the effect it will have on the proposed plan to end homelessness. The reasons for homelessness are also highlighted. The author, a college student, has addressed social problems before in other writings. The Baltimore Sun is a trusted and widely read source. Reasonableness and Clarity of Purpose: Good; the information presented is fair, balanced and objective. Both sides of the issue are presented, can be appreciated by general audience as well as homelessness advocates and affected population. Organization and Support: Fair, since claims can be supported by statistical studies and facts on the ground about homelessness in Baltimore. No bibliography, table of contents or index for this newspaper article. 2. "Homelessness Timeline."(2011). Leading Issues Timelines. 02 Mar 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. Accessed on 18 Dec 2011at http://sks.sirs.es.vrc.scoolaid.net/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY5270-0-6545&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N&method=&keyword=&sid=SNY5270-0-6545&view.x=117&artno=0000281999&translationtarget=ko&submitButton2=Translate This timeline chronicles the story of homelessness in the USA from 1729 to Feb 2011. The Panic of 1837 and 1873, the Bowery Mission, Hull House, Labor Department and Housing Commission studies are some of the events covered, including the Great Depression of the 1930s and its aftermath. The works of various housing commissions and efforts to establish low cost housing are mentioned. It is clear that the United States has been dealing with homelessness issues since colonial times. Many of the homeless end up living on the streets, which forces the Federal

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example are opened by the user, and sometimes information they have placed, like that their interests, hobbies and their personal details (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009), (I-Net, 2011) and (Prashant, 2009). Moreover, the major function of cookies is to recognize users and most probably organize customized web-pages for internet users. In this scenario, when we visit a web site using the information stored in cookies then we can be requested to complete a form offering data and information such as our name, likes/dislikes and hobbies. Afterward this information and data is wrapped into a cookie and transmitted to our web browser that stores it for afterward utilization (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Webopedia, 2011). There are lots of advantages of cookies for instance cookies do not require server resources as they are placed on the client system. Cookies are simple to apply. We are able to organize cookies to finish when the browser session stops. Some of the main disadvantages of cookies are that they can be erased by a user during their execution. Users browser are able to reject some sort of cookies, consequently our system has to predict that likelihood. Additionally, the cookies survive as a simple text on the client system as well as they can pretense a probable security risk since someone is able to interpret and change the information stored in cookies (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009) and (Neeks, 2009). Neeks. (2009, March 21). What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cookies? Retrieved May 29, 2011, from http://www.dotnetfunda.com/interview/exam416-what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cookies-.aspx Prashant, V. (2009, June 20). What is Cookie? What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cookies ? Retrieved May 28, 2011, from

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Melodramatic stage Essay Example for Free

Melodramatic stage Essay It isnt so free here either, Rodolfo, like you think. I seen greenhorns sometimes get in trouble that way they think just because girls do not go around with a shawl around her head that she isnt strict, yknow? Girls dont have to wear black dresses to be strict. Know what I mean?  Although Eddie did not absolutely loose his temper he has forewarned Rodolfo very frankly in front of the whole of household that he should keep his distance from Catherine. Well, I always have respect   I know, but in your town you wouldnt just drag off some girl without permission, you know what I mean Marco?  Marco who has been quiet until now cautiously says yes, he does not want to interfere between Rodolfo and Catherine but does not want to answer Eddie no as this would make Eddie distrustful of him, which he wants to avoid.  Well he didnt just drag her off though, Eddie.  Beatrice on the other hand gets fractious by this and sharply replies to Eddie, Eddie aware of her criticising force softens up but doesnt stop. He goes on to say   It might be a little different here, but it is just as strict. Rodolfo now realises Eddies anger for him and in a tender-hearted voice asks him-  Did I do anything wrong.  Eddie now propitiates and tells him that he is not her father, but before he could finish, Beatrice ungraciously interrupts and rebukes him to be her uncle. Eddie realising her indignation keeps his temper under control, as he wants to show Rodolfo who is the person in jurisdiction of the house  Marco who has been without intervention listening to the whole matter gets up in a censurable way and asks Beatrice and Eddie to tell Rodolfo, if he has made any mistakes. Marco probably does not fully actualizes Eddies anger against Rodolfo yet, he thinks it is ephemeral and tries to make things more transparent and satisfy Eddie. Beatrice tells Eddie that the reason why Rodolfo and Catherine came late was because the movie ended late, but Marco tries to calm Eddie by asking Rodolfo to come home early. Eddie sensing Marco on his side tries to restrict Rodolfos movements and stop him going out with Catherine by saying   Look, kid, I am not only talking about her. The more you run around like this more chance there is that you get picked by immigration bureau.  Beatrice senses Eddies intentions and again ungraciously interrupts him between his conversations and says that there is the same chance in the daytime. Until now Eddie has been attempting to make his point Non contentiously, but after being ungraciously rebuked by Beatrice, he gracelessly tells cousins that he thought they were both coming here to work and earn money, not fool around. This exceptionally strikes with Marco as he has responsibility for feeding his wife and children. Marco confirms with Eddie, that this is still the case. This embarrasses Marco, because by saying that if you are here to work than you should work, Eddie is essentially saying you can only live in my house if, you work hard and particularly mind your own business. This is of exceptional significance to Marco as he has four children and a wife who he has to send money which provides for their food and medicine, or else they would die. This is also the first awkwardness between Marco and Eddie as until now Eddie has regarded Marco as a hard working man and always respected him. Catherine who is the focal point of this entire repercussion between cousins and Eddie is now glowing with revolt against him. Catherine who is a grown up girl, who wants to be free and spend more time with Rodolfo views Eddie as someone preventing her from outside world, indeed, Eddie is obsessed with Catherine and is extremely over-protective towards her. He wants to dominate every aspect of her life, from the clothes she wears to the person she waves to and where she should go for a job. And now Catherine flushed with anger tries to disobey Eddie by inviting Rodolfo to dance with her on Paper Doll. Rodolfo, who is afraid that Eddie may make an issue of this, shows some fictional unwillingness in difference to Eddie. Beatrice countenances Rodolfo to go ahead and dance. Catherine takes Rodolfos hand and he stiffly rises, feeling Eddies eyes on his back they dance. The tension between the characters can be easily seen in their actions. Catherines rebellious behaviour is easily visible, when she goes to Rodolfo and takes his hand in her hand and invites him to dance. Rodolfo doesnt easily agrees to dance, he first shows fictional unwillingness feeling Eddies eyes on his back, but after being inspired by Beatrice stiffly rises and goes to dance.  Eddie perceiving the tension in the house does not react to Catherine dancing with Rodolfo, but turns his head away in a very deprecate demeanour. At this point in the play, audience know that Eddie Carbone is very prophylactic towards his niece and he despises Rodolfo. This new crisis has taken a categorically different turn; Catherine is becoming more and more mutinous and Beatrice is advocating Rodolfo and Catherine. Eddie seems to be the only person secluded trying to what he thinks, protect Catherine from Rodolfo. Audience anticipate this extremity to be deciphered possibly by Beatrice. Throughout the whole play Beatrice has been impersonated by Miller as the most consequential person on Eddie Carbone, she has also actively tried to diffuse the tensions by jokes and in some contentions she has taken sides and silenced Eddie. She is also the person who is most consequential and proximate to Eddie. However, Carbone household is once again under strain, as Eddie Carbone the prophylactic, unpretentious character soon finds out that he is  Un-proficient to control his indignation, covetousness and detestation towards Rodolfo. Until now, Eddie has only been manifesting his indignation towards Rodolfo through declamation, but this melodramatically changes after Catherine, crimsoned with rebellion, disgusted with Eddies intervention in every countenance of her life invites Rodolfo to dance with her. This brings out an exorbitant indignation from Eddie, now we see Eddie expressing his vehemence not only through words but also through actions. After the dance, Eddie Carbone infuriated by his indignation delivers an atrocious dialogue to the whole of the household about Rodolfo.  Hes lucky, believe me. Thats why the waterfront is no place for him. I mean like me I cant cook, I cant sing, I cant make dresses, so Im on the waterfront. But if I could cook, if I could sing, if I could make dresses, I wouldnt be on the water front.  This speech is of un-describable significance to the play. In this speech Eddie nearly exposes the whole issue in front of the whole household, by his dialogue but more by his actions. Eddie, by the end of his speech is perfunctorily twisting the newspaper in his hand in to a tight roll when it unexpectedly tears in half. This shows exasperated and how fretful Eddie has become of Rodolfos relationship with Catherine, and now Eddies indignation has reached a new level against Rodolfo and now his furore and ire can be seen in his actions. As seen throughout the whole play Miller uses melodramatic stage directions and often characters dramatize actions which changes the course of the whole play. For example, Eddies furore and ire against Rodolfo are disclosed, when Eddie rolls the newspaper in to a tight roll and then it tears in two. These types of actions not only give audiences clues of how this particular character will react to this character and to this kind of situation next time, but also gives them clues of what will happen next in the play.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Classroom Management And Discipline Plan Education Essay

Classroom Management And Discipline Plan Education Essay Students must understand the behaviors that are expected of them. The students will help the teacher make classroom rules the first few days of school. Each student will brainstorm and give a classroom rule that they would like to include. The student will give a rule or rules as the teacher list them on the board and the teacher would consolidate the rules to 4 or 5 basic classroom rules. This will give the students a sense of involvement and acceptance in the class if they help with the rules. The classroom rules help keep the rules simply and the students on task as well as helping the student succeed in the classroom. Be polite and kind The teacher will give an example for better understanding of the rule such as no name-calling and listen carefully when others are speaking. Respect others and yourself as well as their property. This is a general rule that all students need to understand. Return borrowed materials, do not write on desks, pick up litter, do not use other persons things without permission. Talk only with permission. Dont talk when others are talking. This rule is another general rule that must be explained such as when the teacher is giving instruction do not talk or interrupt. If you are in small group talk quietly in the group and do not disturb others. Obey all school rules. This is an important rule that helps with general school rules such as no talking or running in the hallway. It also suggests to the students that they must abide by all school rules. REWARDS AND CONSEQUENCES Maintaining good student behavior requires good communication, monitoring and consequences. Young children are more likely to follow a rule just by the teacher asking but motivation is a good way to maintain appropriate behaviors. Sometimes a deterrent is needed to avoid negative behaviors of students. REWARDS Positive feedback is a great motivation for most students. Explain what is expected of the students. Positive verbal praise such as good job, way to go, great idea. Positive written comments on papers such as stickers with sayings such as great job, star student, etc. Reward improvement Recognition by giving awards or certificates. Display student work Material incentives after earning certain number of points such as pencils, stickers, erasers, other materials Extra recess time for good work or group cooperation. CONSEQUENCES Rely on corrective feedback for struggling students Communicate dissatifiacation with student behavior Demerit System is totaled daily and weekly (Start over daily) 1st violation warning 2nd violation student will have extra written work such as writing spelling words 5 times. 3rd violation loss of privileges 4th violation referral to principal/note sent home to parents Student grades will be affected, such as reductions of grades for late, missing or incomplete assignments. 4. If the student bring items to school that are not allowed that item or items would be confiscated. Starting School First few days of school, learning names of the students, teaching and sending messages. The first few days are a very important time especially for classroom management. There are several ways the teacher can prepare the students for management. Students will feel more comfortable in the classroom if the learn other student names in the classroom and students realize that everyone has similarities and differences. The main goal of the school year is to obtain student cooperation with following the rules and learning the rules and successfully completing classroom assignments. If the students feel comfortable and welcome in the classroom they are more likely to listen and respect the teacher and other students in the classroom. Below is a list of procedures to be used for the beginning of the classroom activities. Play a game that will help introduce each other to the classroom. Such as introduce myself to the classroom and tell a little something about myself to the classroom. Then let students introduce him or her and tell something special about themselves. What are my expectations? Introduce my love of music and explain the different activities that the student will be involved in during the school year? What is the grading system? Keep it simply. Help students with uncertainties and make them feel comfortable enough to ask questions, etc. Let the student know that I am available for them, being visible, monitoring the classroom and letting them know the class can have fun and still learn without disrupting others. B) Starting School First Day Activities Greet students Welcome students and have nametags on each desk so the student will know where they are sitting. Introduction Brief introduction of myself Use a game to let students introduce themselves. Have work sheets or other activities for students to complete after introductions. Room description Describe class schedule such as classroom time, lunchtime, recess, etc. Set a positive tone. Teach procedures, as they are needed and step-by-step instructions. Content Activities Give whole group instruction to the classroom. Plan activities so students can succeed. Have extra activities for students who finish early. Time fillers Be prepared for the unexpected Have ideas ready for the classroom such as handouts, work sheets, word puzzles, coloring pages. Administrative activities Complete list of students for the roll book, give out school handbooks and other paperwork for the students/parents to complete and return to school. Have textbooks, texts, and forms for the students Materials or supplies checklist for each student Available conference times and contact information Special information Closing activities Set aside a few minutes before the end of the day and go over with the students before they leave a brief review of the day activities and discuss with the students what they have learned, found difficult, and liked about the day. Comment on students good work and good behavior to reinforce expectations and keep the tone position. C) Daily Schedule times, procedures A list of daily activities will be posted in the classroom as well as weekly activities for the students to know what is expected. Schedule will include: Reading This will include language arts, writing skills Bathroom break Math This will include math work sheets and work with manipulatives Lunch/Bathroom break Library /computer lab/art or music Social studies Science Time to clean up, get backpack ready Time to leave D) Within class and weekly schedule times for specific activities Since some activities will change within the daily schedule such as library, computer lab, art and music it is important to highlight activities that will change. Special activities such as group activities with the school and different groups or clubs that will have special events for the students will also be a change for the classroom. School pictures, field trips as well as other activities will change your schedule. The daily schedule as a teacher will have to be flexible and ready for the unexpected. E) Procedures and routines for critical times and activities Beginning day, periods Each day briefly review major materials and focal points from the previous day. Ending day, periods Make sure that each student understand what they are expected to learn form the material and give the students time to ask questions. Transitions within day, within class The class will follow the teacher cues and learn routines for changing into whole group and small group instructions. The classroom will also become familiar with centers and time for transitions for lunch, library and other activities. Planning times Planning times will occur before and after school. In the afternoon to prepare for the next day such as making sure materials that are needed for the lessons are available. Materials locations, distribution and collection. The teacher will have shelves for books, cabinets/drawers for large materials such as paper, crafts, math manipulatives, etc. Each student will have their own materials that are left at their desk such as pencils, paper, erasers, crayons or markers, individual dry eraser boards, etc. The teacher will also have a center that has extra pencils, crayons, scissors and other materials that would be needed in the classroom. Collection of schoolwork would depend on the activity or assignment such as individual or group work. Individual work would be collected and graded as well as group work as appropriate. Attendances, tardiness , make -up work, etc. The teacher will keep a roll book of student and take attendance daily, tardiness will also be noted . If a student is absent then the student will complete their schoolwork within 3 days after their return or as determined by school policy. If students are absence for extended periods such as serious injury or illness or surgery for example then the teacher would work with the student and his or her parents on a case by case basic or as determined by school policy, etc. F) Student accountability systems Supervision and monitoring The teacher will walk around the room as necessary for supervision and monitoring of schoolwork. The students will be spaced out for testing such as spelling, reading, science and social studies tests. In-class work Class work will be turned in daily and graded by the teacher or with older students they will self-grade some of their daily work Homework When introducing new skills to the students or the students need extra practice then homework will be sent home to help with further understanding. Returning papers Homework and other papers will be returned daily or the next school day. Papers will be graded daily and returned to the student so they will know what areas they are doing well in and also the areas that they need to work on. Communicating grades Homework and other graded papers will be sent home daily for the parents to be aware of the students progress. Each Monday the teacher will send home progress reports with each subject listed and the grade for each subject for the parent to sign and return weekly so the parents are aware of the students progress. Quizzes, other assessments Quizzes will be given to make sure the students are learning a new skill or skills that is introduced. Other assessments that will be used to grade students activities such as science projects or experiments and students can work together in groups. Other hands -on activities may include reading maps or work globes, etc. G) Structuring instruction Notebooks Notebooks will be used to keep activities and daily homework. Each day the student will place their notebooks in their desks and keep paperwork in them. For older students, notebooks will be kept for paperwork, materials and other paperwork for each subject. Folders Individual students folders will be keep and will also be put in their backpack and took home each day with daily work, homework and other paperwork. Other systems for instructional activities Weekly schedule and weekly newsletter will be sent home each Monday that lists each subject and the skills that will be taught for the week as well as any weekly reminders of upcoming events. Filler activities Activities will be set up in small groups or centers needed for extra educational activities. Education games will be used for the centers such as word games, reading activities, matching games, math games, etc. Giving instructions steps, posting etc. Each activities will be given specific instructions such as verbal or written instructions. H) Dealing with discipline problems in the classroom As a teacher there are many ways for classroom disruptions that are beyond our control such as intercom announcements and other classroom disruptions. In order to maintain appropriate behavior it is best to teach desirable responses regarding classroom interruptions. Reinforcing desirable behaviors When a student is behaving appropriately let the student be aware of the good behavior. For example, by stating, I really like the way James or Sally is sitting quietly and listening. I like the way Molly is raising her hand before asking a question. I am happy to see John, Amy and Matt standing in line quietly in the hallway. Praising good behavior helps others want to do the right behavior. Techniques for dealing with minor disruptions If minor disruptions occur the first approach would be to response to the student by the following procedures: Ignore Eye Contact Move closer in proximity Gesture or shoulder touch Questioning Techniques for dealing with chronic misbehaviors Dealing with chronic misbehaviors would include using some form of accountability by using a tally or other system to keep up with misbehavior as follows: Warning Written work Additional schoolwork Lose of privileges Send to principal/Note to parents/guardian Referral to principal or other personnel Referral to principal or other personnel would result as a last resort such as student refusing to listen to the teacher or being a disruption to the whole class. If the student were not responding to any action that the teacher has tried or offered then the student would be sent to the principals office for consequence of his/her actions. Techniques for dealing with severe problems If a student is threatening others, fighting or bringing inappropriate items into the classroom that the school has determined dangerous or illegal then I would follow school policy in regards to inappropriate behaviors. Student actions may result in the students being placed in school detention, expelled for a few days or in extreme cases expelled for the school year. Desists and desisting If a student has numerous issues regarding inappropriate behaviors and nothing seems to work to deter a negative behavior and the student still desists then it may be necessary to remove the student from the classroom and place the student in detention. Sending a written letter home to the parent or guardian to explain the student actions/behaviors. NOTE: Select the least intrusive strategy to gain students compliance. Avoid lecturing/nagging. Parent communication Communication systems- letters, notes, calls One of the easiest ways a teacher can communicate with a parent or parents is to send home weekly progress reports and weekly classroom newsletters with identified areas or skills to learn for the week. Another good way to communicate is through the school website. E-mail is also a great way to communicate but not all families especially in rural areas have Internet access. The teacher can also provide contact numbers or contact hours for parents to communicate with them. Conferences Parent teacher conferences are a great way to get to know the parent and the type of family that the student comes from. Understanding a students background will help understand their styles of learning and what works best for each individual student. Involvement Teachers can also involve parents in school activities or invite parent if they have the time and opportunity to volunteer for a day in the classroom. Most parents like to stay involved even if they are unable to volunteer and another way for them to be involved is to donate materials, money or other things needed for the school or classroom. Dealing with moods, changes in weather, illness, etc. There are different situations that will affect the school day. Changes in moods are often related to weather. Some children do better when it is a sunny day versus a rainy or snowy day. Another distraction for children regarding the weather is a forecast of snow and the anticipation of a snow day. Sometimes illness of a child affects the classroom schedule. A child may not be sick when they arrive at school but during the day may develop a fever or sudden illness such as stomach virus or other illness. If this occurs, the teacher would refer the student to the school nurse to contact the parent or guardian to pick the student up from school. Modification of activities for specific times There are certain times that modification of class schedule will occur such as field trips, student assemblies, school fire drills, tornado drills, pep rallies or other activities. The teacher will adjust the class schedule and be flexible and prepared for any situation. Preparation and procedures for substitute teachers As a teacher I would have lesson plans for each week that would list daily schedule and list subject areas for each day/week. If the teacher is planning on being absent then materials, textbooks, paperwork and other materials would be listed and given to the substitute teacher in advance if the teacher has made plans to be absent. In other cases, if the teacher is ill or has other emergencies then the substitute would follow the lesson plans and use material that are in the classroom to help teach the class. K) Management of various instructional formats Whole group instruction As a teacher I would complete whole group instruction by explaining to the classroom the activity or subject they will be completing. Whole group instruction for younger children learning to read would be completed with the students gathered in a semi circle on the floor the teacher would start with echo reading to help the students with fluency, comprehension and reading with expression. Another example of whole group instruction in the subject are of math the teacher would use math manipulatives to show fractions using blocks representing how many triangle in a rectangle. Small group activities (and reading groups for elementary) Small group activities would include different activities set up for the students to learn computer skills, math games, and reading. Small groups of reading for elementary students will also allow the teacher to assess the students in the small group reading fluency and comprehension as well as phonics being able to sound out letters and words. Other formats particularly appropriate to the grade level or subject matter. Setting up simple science experiments for younger children to let them explore and complete hands-on activities seem to help motivate children to learn about science and their environment. In older students the students would be able to have a science lab or science workshop to perform experiments to create their own hypothesis.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Teen Smoking :: essays research papers

Teen Smoking Teen smoking. Those two words mean a lot of things to a lot of different people. To some it means nothing. They are just two meaningless words found under T and S in the dictionary. To others it is as if these words symbolize some sort of treason or crime against society. Yet to others it is just another stereotype to be placed under. And to some it is a salvation. An escape. Unfortunately I am writing this paper so you will get my positions on teen smoking rather than other peoples. Teen smoking gathers a lot of emotions when I think about it. It makes me very angry sometimes. My first draft of this was good but I saw myself getting angry and lashing out on everyone, so I revised it. But enough of that, I find teen smoking to be a very controversial subject. To be completely honest with you I am smoking right now as I am writing this. Obviously I am a smoker. I am 17 years old and I am a smoker. In the late 1990’s, the statistics showed that approximately 25% of teens smoke. That’s one out of every four teenagers. High school is a tough time for teens. These years are critical to a teens future. This explains why a vast majority of smokers start at 16 years or younger with the most common age being 14 years old(freshman). It has also been proven also that teens who score lower in school smoke more than higher scoring students do. It seems that everyone smokes in our school. Our school is overrun with smokers. It is right now at least 50% smokers and 65% if you count the people who will smoke before their high school career is up. We practically encourage it. I mean Fireman’s Field practically condones teen smoking. Teen smoking is defiantly a problem in our school, as well as schools all over the United States. I feel that teen smoking is a huge problem. I feel that too many teenagers smoke cigarettes. It is something that needs to get dealt with. But before I get into that I should probably start with the causes of teen smoki ng. There are several factors that start teens on smoking cigarettes. There has to be considering that over 1 million new teenagers will start smoking annually. The most common is peer pressure. Teen Smoking :: essays research papers Teen Smoking Teen smoking. Those two words mean a lot of things to a lot of different people. To some it means nothing. They are just two meaningless words found under T and S in the dictionary. To others it is as if these words symbolize some sort of treason or crime against society. Yet to others it is just another stereotype to be placed under. And to some it is a salvation. An escape. Unfortunately I am writing this paper so you will get my positions on teen smoking rather than other peoples. Teen smoking gathers a lot of emotions when I think about it. It makes me very angry sometimes. My first draft of this was good but I saw myself getting angry and lashing out on everyone, so I revised it. But enough of that, I find teen smoking to be a very controversial subject. To be completely honest with you I am smoking right now as I am writing this. Obviously I am a smoker. I am 17 years old and I am a smoker. In the late 1990’s, the statistics showed that approximately 25% of teens smoke. That’s one out of every four teenagers. High school is a tough time for teens. These years are critical to a teens future. This explains why a vast majority of smokers start at 16 years or younger with the most common age being 14 years old(freshman). It has also been proven also that teens who score lower in school smoke more than higher scoring students do. It seems that everyone smokes in our school. Our school is overrun with smokers. It is right now at least 50% smokers and 65% if you count the people who will smoke before their high school career is up. We practically encourage it. I mean Fireman’s Field practically condones teen smoking. Teen smoking is defiantly a problem in our school, as well as schools all over the United States. I feel that teen smoking is a huge problem. I feel that too many teenagers smoke cigarettes. It is something that needs to get dealt with. But before I get into that I should probably start with the causes of teen smoki ng. There are several factors that start teens on smoking cigarettes. There has to be considering that over 1 million new teenagers will start smoking annually. The most common is peer pressure.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr Essay -- Law Criminal Justice System E

A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr A Civil Action is based upon a true story that Jonathan Harr, a former staff writer of New England Monthly describes a case that in the legal system that is fascinating and compelling. The story of a impracticable quest by an idealistic young personal-Injury lawyer, whose aim was to prove that two conglomerates, Beatrice Foods and W.R Grace, allegedly polluted the water in Woburn ,Mass. a Boston suburb, with carcinogens. Jan had hoped that a victory would send a message to the boardrooms to America and felt that the culture of Leukemia in Woburn guaranteed his success. He never realized that he would be comforted with problems in the justice system. First with the federal courts, which were not sympathetic to damage suits, the trial judge felt the same way. He then went on to his third try with a different judge. Which was unsuccessful due to one of the defense witness who lied. On his fourth try the defense attorney failed to deliver all relevant documents to Schlichtmann's team. Jan Schlitmann was a lawyer in the upper bracket as far as money was concern. He lived in a luxury condo, worn only hand-tailored Dimitri suits and silk Hermes ties, Bally shoes and drove a Porsche. Schlitmann not only was a well to do lawyer, he also was a lawyer that believed in justice, whether he got paid or not, in regards to this case. He spent nine years of his life, lost all of his assets, gave up his personal possessions and personal life to see th...

Friday, October 11, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis of Obama Speech

Literatures and Foreign Languages Let Us Learn and Resource Together 23 November 2008 Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"A More Perfect Union† Speech The speech titled â€Å"A More Perfect Union† was delivered by Senator Barack Obama on March 18, 2008 near the historical site of the signing of the U. S. Constitution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The speech responds to the video clip of Barack Obama’s pastor, Reverend Jeremiah Wright, making racially charged comments against America and Israel. The pundits and various news media outlets played the clip repeatedly on the television, radio, YouTube, and podcasts.First, the Senator’s speech attempts to address the nation on their concerns of his affiliation with Reverend Wright. Second, the speech addresses the sustaining and prevailing issues of race within America and how it paralyzes our nation. The speech is compelling because it possesses the necessary elements of effective and persuasive rhetoric; in summatio n, Obama’s rhetoric works. Rhetoric is the study of opposing arguments, misunderstanding, and miscommunication. Also, relevant to this analysis, rhetoric will be defined as the ability to speak and write effectively and to use language and oratory strategically.Despite the common employment of speech writers by most politicians, Senator Obama wrote the speech himself. By addressing the misunderstanding and miscommunication connected to and perpetrated by racism in America, the audience sees precisely how effective Obama’s speech is when examined through such lenses as the classical and 20th century rhetorical theories and concepts from Aristotle, Richard Weaver, Stephen Toulmin, Chaim Perelman, and Michel Foucault. Barack Obama’s speech echoes the rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos, and logos that are explicitly discussed within Aristotle’s The Rhetoric.Ethos is how the speaker’s character and credibility aids his or her influence of the audience ; whereas pathos is a rhetorical device that alters the audience’s perceptions through storytelling and emotional appeals (181). Logos uses reason to construct an argument and to covey an idea (182). Finally, kairos attempts to conceptualize the need for the correct timing (201). Therefore, ethos, pathos, logos, and kairos are all evident within the speech and expressed in various ways, striking language and repetition, and through different receptors, emotions and logic.Ethos is accomplished on intellectual, social, spiritual, and biological levels. Senator Obama does this by giving factual information. He interjects historical references; he explains the extent of his family tree. Thus, the Senator gives creditability to his speech and validity to his message. The implication is that everyone should listen; he is the authority. He acknowledges that the press routinely looks â€Å"for the latest evidence of racial polarization, not just in terms of white and black, but blac k and brown as well† (Obama, par. 7).From this quote, the audience is being persuaded by the classical theoretical concepts of opposing arguments. The audience is fully aware of the division between the races, and the speech is very effective due to the fact that Barack Obama is willing to speak of what is often unspoken. When addressing his intellectual ethos, Obama mentions that he has â€Å"gone to some of the best schools in America† (Obama, par. 6). Secondly, he recites, â€Å"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union,† which is easily recognized as the first line in the U. S. Constitution (Obama, par. 2).Even those who do not possess complete knowledge of the famous line immediately understand that something of importance is being conveyed to them. Thirdly, he demonstrates his awareness of past occurrences and present concerns on the global scale. Senator Obama recalls the â€Å"legacy of slavery and Jim Crow† within our nation (Obama, par . 24). He acknowledges the present dangers of â€Å"conflicts in the Middle East† and explains the cause of such conflict (Obama, par. 10). The audience is given evidence that he understands the role of history as well as the present-day global concerns affecting our nation.Furthermore, Senator Obama uses ethos to gain credibility with his knowledge of social issues that pervade our society today. He states, â€Å"The most segregated hour of American life occurs on Sunday morning† (Obama, par. 12). He acknowledges that the resentments of the black and white communities â€Å"aren’t always expressed in polite company,† but these resentments are manifested within our society in destructive ways, like racism (Obama, par. 31). The audience feels that he is knowledgeable and credible on the immediate topics affecting our future and our daily lives.Ethos is also applied on a spiritual level by mentioning his present faith and making Biblical references. He stat es that â€Å"more than twenty years ago [he was] introduce[d] †¦to Christian faith [with] obligations to love one another, to care for the sick and lift up the poor† (Obama, par. 13). He noted how â€Å"black people merg[ed] with the stories of David and Goliath, Moses and Pharaoh, the Christians in the lion’s den, [and] Ezekiel’s field of dry bones† (Obama, par. 16). Senator Obama is altering the language.Christians did not exist in the Old Testament story of Ezekiel, but Senator Obama is effectively connecting with every major religion. Simultaneously, he is reaching out to the secular world as well. Being cognizant that everyone does not actively practice a religious faith, Obama chooses stories that everyone, Christians and non-Christians, could identify and recognize. Thus, these religious references connect with masses as well as members of the three major religions. Finally, Senator Obama gains ethos by explaining his own genetic makeup.He st ates that he is â€Å"the son of a black man from Kenya and a white woman from Kansas†¦ [He continues that he] is married to a Black American who carries within her the blood of slaves and slave owners†¦ [Then, he acknowledges that he has] brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins of every race and every hue scattered across three continents† (Obama, par. 6). In essence, he reveals that he has the blood of Africa, the birthplace of humanity, and the blood of a woman of French descent within him. He has married a woman who has both slave and slave owner flowing within her.Moreover, he has fathered children who have the blood of humanity: African, European, slave, and the Caucasian slave owner within them. Thus, he is an authority on race. He states, â€Å"[his] story [is] seared into [his] genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more that the sum of its parts–that out of many, we are truly one† (Obama, par. 6). The audience revels at hi s remarkable story, and ethos is achieved through storytelling. In essence, Obama forges a biological connection with his audience. The connection is strengthened through Senator Obama’s use of pathos.It is achieved through the use of emotional appeals. He alters the thoughts and feelings of his audience through storytelling, imagery, and allusion. The topic of race, within itself, evokes strong emotions, even to this very moment, this very second. The senator begins by telling a story of his grandfather â€Å"who survived a Depression to serve in Patton’s army during World War II† (Obama, par. 6). The use of key terms such as Depression, Patton’s army, and World War II evoke the emotional responses of patriotism and self-sacrifice.Toward the end of his speech, Obama shares another story; he tells of a young, white, Southern campaigner–Ashley Baia–who inspires an old, black, Southern man to vote (Obama, par. 45-46). In essence, Baia encourag es pathos by telling her story. Barack Obama uses Baia’s story of inspiration to highlight the power in sharing his own story. The audience is able to connect through the emotional appeals that take place at the very core of humanity. It is easy to disrespect and dishonor something that is foreign and unknown, but it is hard to turn away from the essence of another man’s soul.As fellow humans, the audience recognizes the sheer humanity in the story. Pathos is also achieved through the use of allusion and imagery. The imagery that is provoked with terms such as slave or slavery is still poignant today. Most people are cognizant of the plight of slaves within this country. The audience would be aware of the racism that ensued and the devastation and isolation that slavery caused in American history. When Barack Obama describes the various ways that racism manifested within our society, pathos is achieved because of the powerful imagery of the allusions to race and racial conflicts within our community.The audience is trapped and becomes aware of the prejudices and experiences of race and racism within their own lives, thus causing emotions to surge and overflow. Pathos, being the weakest form of rhetoric, is utilized by Senator Obama sparingly. Instead, he overwhelmingly utilizes the most powerful form of rhetoric, logos. Logos is the ability to embody rational, logical, methodical thoughts and persuasions. As it relates to Obama’s speech, examples of logos are found throughout the text. For example, by displaying objectivity, the element of logos is achieved.Senator Barack Obama methodically explains the problems with race within America, and he gives logical, reasoned resolutions to the problems. He explains, â€Å"The anger [of Blacks and] the memories of humiliation and doubt and fear have not gone away, nor has the anger and bitterness of those years†¦ [Later he offers resolution and states that] the African-American community [mu st embrace] our past without becoming victims of our past† (Obama, par. 34). Many African-Americans will identify with Obama’s assessment of race within the African-American community, and they will be inspired to act in a positive manner.Simultaneously, he acknowledges â€Å"a similar anger within†¦the white community. They [feel] they’ve worked hard all their lives†¦They are anxious about their future, and they feel their dreams slipping away [and] resentment builds over time†¦ [Furthermore, he offers resolution and urges that] the white community [must acknowledge] that what ails the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black people; that the legacy of discrimination [exists]† (Obama, par. 36).From these lines, the audience is persuaded to respond in a positive manner as well, and they are urged to approach the subject of racism both subjectively and objectively. Senator Obama recognizes the duality of both pligh ts and asks the American people not to blame each other but investigate and seek out the true reason of conflict within our nation. Thus, Obama is using inductive and deductive reasoning, which is indicative of logos. By utilizing Aristotle’s method and system, Obama’s appeals to logic are beyond reproach.Once his reasons are defined, he states that this is the time that we must take action and secure our future together, and Obama begins to preach on the importance of time. The issue of time and timing directly correlates with the classical rhetorical term kairos. Obama conveys time in a powerful fashion. In the beginning of his speech, he states, â€Å"Two hundred and twenty one years ago [our forefathers]†¦produced [a document that was] eventually signed, but ultimately unfinished.It was stained by the nation’s original sin of slavery [that] brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least 20 more years, and leave any final resolution to future generations† (Obama, par. 3). Later, he explains how people often manipulate race to win political elections and prevent unity. Barack Obama speaks of the continual war between segments of our community. Then he states, â€Å"But race is an issue that I believe this nation cannot afford to ignore right now† (Obama, par. 23).Furthermore, he acknowledges â€Å"the complexities of race† in America have never been resolved. He urges Americans â€Å"to come together and solve [the] challenges [in America]† (Obama, par. 33). He persuades the audience to racial relations within America a priority. In summary, kairos is aggressively addressed and highlighted. The audience realizes that the problem at hand may have been ignored by our forefathers, but these problems must be addressed now. Toward the end, kairos reaches its peak of effectiveness. Obama states that what has been effectively dividing the races in the past will not happen again:Not this time. This time we want to talk about crumbling schools†¦This time we want to reject the cynicism†¦This time we want to talk about [healthcare]†¦This time we want to talk about [jobs]†¦This time we want to talk about [race]†¦This time—This time we want to talk about the men and women of every color and creed who serve together, and fight together, and bleed together under the same proud flag (Obama, par. 40-41). From these lines, the audience feels the urgency of time; the listeners realize that â€Å"this time† America must act.Obama effectually uses the sophistic rhetorical theories and concepts to ignite and unite the audience; however, he also incorporates modern-day rhetorical theories and concepts as well. Specifically, Senator Obama utilizes the hierarchy of definition, analogy, cause and effect, and testimony of the 20th century rhetorician, Richard Weaver. In the introduction of Language Is Serm onic, the narrator summates Weaver as stating, â€Å"Rhetoric†¦is a positive act with consequences in the world†¦Every utterance is an attempt to make others see the world in a particular way and accept the values implicit in that point of view† (1348).Similarly, Obama desires to persuade the audience to see the world from a different perspective, a different lens. First, toward the beginning of the text, Obama defines the Black church. He states, â€Å"Black churches across the country embod[y] the community in its entirety—the doctor and the welfare mom, the model student and the former gang-banger†¦[S]ervices are full of raucous laughter and sometimes bawdy humor†¦ [Full] of kindness and cruelty, the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance, the struggles and successes, the love [as well as] the bitterness and biases† (Obama, par. 8). If one really looks closely at the definition, it is also a definition of America as well as the Bla ck church. By explaining the polarity within the Black church, he explains the polarity within America as a whole. In this way, Obama uses rhetoric in a positive way to impact his audience and highlights that â€Å"every utterance is an attempt to make others see the world in a particular way [through definition]. † Second, Weaver asserts, â€Å"Rhetoric [is] the most important of all ends, the persuading of human beings to adopt right attitudes and act in response to them† (1351).From these lines, one can examine Senator Obama’s use of twentieth century rhetorical theories and concepts. Obama uses â€Å"cause-and-effect† by illustrating the history of racism within the United States (1354). He states: We do not need to recite here the history of racial injustice in this country. But we do need to remind ourselves that so many of the disparities that existed between the African-American community and the larger American community today can be traced direc tly to inequalities passed from an earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow (Obama, par. 4). In essence, Obama is stating that the racism today has a sordid past in our history; it can not be ignored, but it must be confronted, discussed, and acted upon. Obama is using this cause-and-effect to play on the emotions of his audience. Everyone is aware of the gruesome history, yet, as Weaver puts it, â€Å"Humanity includes emotionality or the capacity to feel and suffer, to know pleasure† (1352). From these lines, it is obvious that Senator Obama uses cause-and-effect to evoke an emotional response and sway the audience to his point of view.Furthermore, Barack Obama utilizes the elements outlined by Stephen Toulmin’s The Uses of Argument. He uses the schema of the six components in analyzing arguments: qualifier, claim, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal. The qualifier is the â€Å"word or phrase [that] expresses the speaker†™s degree of force or certainty concerning the claim† (1418). Next, the claim is the â€Å"conclusion whose merit must be established† (1417). Then, the data is the â€Å"fact we appeal to as a foundation for the claim† (1417). The warrant is â€Å"the statement authorizing our movement from the data to the claim† (1419).